Background: The significant proportion of patients suffering from subthreshold diagnoses such as partial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) shows that today’s diagnostic entities do not fully meet the reality and needs of clinical practice. Moreover, as stated also in the recently announced concept of research domain criteria (RDoC), the use of today’s traditional diagnostic systems in psychiatric research does not sufficiently promote an integrative understanding of mental disorders across multiple units of analysis from behavior to neurobiology.

There has been a substantial body of literature devoted to answering one question: Which latent model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) best represents PTSD’s underlying dimensionality? This research summary will, therefore, focus on the literature pertaining to PTSD’s latent structure as represented in the fourth (DSM-IV, 1994) to the fifth (DSM-5, 2013) edition of the DSM.

Posttraumatic flashbacks, consisting of the intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic experiences in the present, have been more clearly defined for the first time in DSM-5 and have been identified as a unique symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder in the proposed ICD-11 diagnostic criteria. Relatively little research into flashbacks has been conducted, however, and new research efforts are required to understand the cognitive and biological basis of this important symptom.

Up to 80% of people encounter severe adverse events in their lives (De Vries & Olff, 2009). Most people will be resilient or quickly recover from negative symptoms, but a significant proportion will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) leading to a lifetime prevalence of PTSD in about 7% (De Vries & Olff, 2009; Kessler et al., 2005). These events precipitate not only PTSD but also major depression, anxiety disorders, addiction, physical health problems, and other trauma-related disorders.

Radicalisering is een breed fenomeen. Het beleidsaccent ligt de afgelopen jaren vooral op islamitisch radicalisme en jihadisme. De dreiging van en angst voor aanslagen in Nederland is aanzienlijk. Overheden, politie, justitie en maatschappelijk middenveld slaan de handen ineen om de democratische rechtsstaat te beschermen,de jihadistische beweging te verzwakken en de
voedingsbodem voor radicalisering zoveel als mogelijk weg te nemen. Dat klinkt logisch. Maar in de praktijk van het politiewerk is die opgave niet zo eenduidig als ze lijkt, aldus Nicolien Kop en Hans Moors.

In the aftermath of the civil war that extended from 1983–2009, humanitarian organizations provided aid to the conflict-affected population of the Vanni region in northern Sri Lanka. In August, 2010, a needs assessment was conducted to determine the mental-health status of Sri Lankan national humanitarian aid staff working in conditions of stress and hardship, and consider contextual and organizational characteristics influencing such status.

Abstract
Expatriate aid workers (n = 214) representing 19 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) completed a predeployment
survey, including measures of mental health (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]); risk factors
(childhood trauma, family risk, and adult trauma exposure); and resilience factors (coping, social support, and healthy lifestyle)
to assess their baseline mental health during preparation for deployment. Multiple regression analysis indicated that childhood

The website of the World Health Organization
(WHO) on the WHO Mental Health Gap Action
Programme (mhGAP) opens by stating
that “mental, neurological, and substance use
disorders are common in all regions of the
world, affecting every community and age group across
all income countries. While 14% of the global burden
of disease is attributed to these disorders, most of the
people affected - 75% in many low-income countries -
do not have access to the treatment they need”.1

‘Waar moet je dan op letten? Hebben jullie geen checklist of zo?’ ‘En waar moeten we dan heen met die signalen?’ Docenten en eerstelijns professionals in de veiligheidszorg stellen zulke vragen tijdens bijeenkomsten over radicalisering. Bijeenkomsten die in de afgelopen 10 jaar regelmatig op lokaal en landelijk niveau zijn georganiseerd door overheden en branches – al dan niet meegefinancierd door of vanuit landelijke en lokale ‘Actieplannen Polarisatie en Radicalisering’.

Dat Libië zowel doorvoerland voor vluchtelingen als jihadistenhaard is geworden,heeft alles te maken met de chaos waarin het land momenteel verkeert. Hoe heeft het zover kunnen komen? Marijn Kruk plaatst de gebeurtenissen vanuit eigen ervaring in perspectief.