Background: Asylum seekers and refugees have been claimed to be at increased risk of developing complex posttraumatic stress disorder (complex PTSD). Consequently, it has been recommended that refugees be treated with present-centred or phased treatment rather than stand-alone trauma-focused treatment. This recommendation has contributed to a clinical practice of delaying or waiving trauma-focused treatment in refugees with PTSD.

Migration and trauma is a critical and timely area of inquiry given the enormous transnational migration occurring within the past year. The UN estimates there are over 244 million people living outside of their country of origin (United Nations Population Fund, 2016). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated there were over 1,000,000 refugees fleeing to Europe by boat during the year 2015 (UNHCR, 2016). The nature of their migration is forced and due to war and violence in their home countries (e.g., Turner, 2015).

Thousands of young refugees are currently entering Europe.They are exposed to many risks pre-flight, during their flight, and upon arrival, which make them vulnerable for the development of mental health problems. Our expertise as mental health professionals is crucial for the promotion of a healthy adaptation of these young people and their families and to lower their risks. In addition, it is important to identify young refugees with developing or preexisting serious mental disorders and to ensure access to evidence-based psychiatric treatment.

Summary 2
Blootstelling aan negatieve emoties van ouders in de vroege jaren als een ontwikkelingspad in de intergenerationele overdracht van depressie en angst Het hoofddoel van deze dissertatie was om te onderzoeken hoe blootstelling aan klinische en niet-klinische vormen van depressie en angst van ouders de sociaalemotionele ontwikkeling van baby’s beïnvloedt. In deze dissertatie lag de focus op

Abstract

Background: There is uncertainty whether young traumatized refugees should be treated with culturally adapted psychotherapy or with an evidence-based western approach. As yet, empirical studies on culturally adapted treatments for unaccompanied young refugees in industrialized host countries are not available. Studies do, however, suggest that trauma-focused treatment is promising for this group.

There are often large gaps between providing information on legal rights and the actual use of that information in women's daily lives. Clinical psychologists from the Arab Renaissance for Democracy and Development - Legal Aid devised joint psychosocial legal awareness training sessions to empower women through culturally sensitive assertiveness skills training, so they could make better practical use of legal rights information.

1. Introduction and support from the European Commission
According to the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other
Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the term «torture»
is any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is
intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a
third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third
person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or

1.1 Separated Children
Separated children, like adults, flee their countries for a number of reasons. Some travel to join their families
who have previously migrated. Others flee war, civil unrest, natural disaster or persecution. Some children
migrate in search of work, opportunity, education or an improved standard of living. Additionally, children
may migrate unaccompanied to escape a difficult family environment. This can involve sexual or physical

In 2012, Zanmi Lasante, a Haitian nonprofit organisation, along with its sister organisation, Partners in Health, developed a mental health plan intended to go beyond the immediate post earthquake context by building capacity for mental health and psychosocial services within primary care services at 11 Zanmi Lasante sites throughout Haiti's Central Plateau and Artibonite regions.