Valid measurement of DSM-5 persistent complex bereavement disorder and DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder : The Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+)

Introduction
When grief reactions after bereavement are so intense that they impair daily functioning, a diagnosis of disturbed grief may apply. Slightly differing criteria-sets for disturbed grief are included in the ICD-11, the DSM-5, and its forthcoming text revision, DSM-5-TR. We examined psychometric properties of a new self-report measure, the 22-item Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+), that assesses these criteria sets for Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) as per DSM-5, and Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) as defined in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR.

 

Material and methods
We examined the: i) factor structure, ii) internal consistency, iii) temporal stability, iv) convergent validity, v) known-groups validity, vi) probable caseness, and vii) optimal clinical cut-off scores in two Dutch bereaved samples. Sample 1 consisted of 278 adults, bereaved by various causes. Sample 2 included 270 adults who lost loved ones in a traffic accident.

 

Results
We found support for a 3-factor PCBD model, 1-factor DSM-5-TR model, and 1-factor ICD-11 PGD model. The DSM-5 PCBD, DSM-5-TR PGD, and ICD-11 PGD items demonstrated good internal consistency and temporal stability. Associations between disturbed grief symptoms and posttraumatic stress and depression levels supported convergent validity. Associations between demographic/loss-related variables and disturbed grief symptoms supported known-groups validity. Optimal clinical cut-offs for the TGI-SR+ total score were ≥ 75, ≥71, and ≥ 75 for probable caseness of DSM-5 PCBD, DSM-5-TR PGD, and ICD-11 PGD, respectively.

 

Discussion
While replication of our findings in diverse bereaved samples is needed, we conclude that the TGI-SR+ is a reliable and valid measure to assess symptoms of DSM-5 PCBD, DSM-5-TR PGD, and ICD-11 PGD.

 

Highlights

•  We evaluated psychometric properties the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+).

•  The TGI-SR+ assesses DSM-5, DSM-5-TR, and ICD-11 disturbed grief symptoms.

•  The TGI-SR+ is a valid self-report measure.



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Referentie: 
L.I.M. Lenferink, M.C. Eisma, G.E. Smid, J. de Keijser, P.A. Boelen | 2022
In: Comprehensive Psychiatry ; ISSN: 0010-440X | 112 | january | 152281
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152281
Trefwoorden: 
Adults, Assessment, Bereavement, Diagnosis, Emotional States, Netherlands, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Prolonged Grief Disorder, Psychotrauma, PTSD (DSM-5), PTSD (en), PTSD (ICD-11), Traumatic Grief