Deconstructing delayed posttraumatic stress disorder

The purpose of the research in this book was to establish the prevalence of delayed PTSD and to examine factors that may explain its occurrence. In addition, we aimed at exploring the likelihood and role of prodromal symptoms (symptoms of PTSD that occur during the interval between traumatic event exposure and the onset of full delayed PTSD) and possible implications of delayed PTSD for mental health service utilization.

Daily suppression of discrete emotions during the work of police service workers and criminal investigation officers

The aim of the present research among Dutch police officers was to examine whether fluctuations in emotional job demands predict exhaustion through the suppression of discrete emotions. A first diary study (N =25) tested how the suppression of discrete emotions is related to exhaustion at the end of the work shift of police call-center service workers. Results revealed that suppressing anger was positively related to exhaustion at the end of a work shift, whereas suppressing happiness was not.

Coping flexibility and trauma: The Perceived Ability to Cope With Trauma (PACT) scale

Theories about coping with potential trauma have emphasized the importance of concerted focus on processing the traumatic event. However, empirical evidence also suggests that it may be salubrious to distract oneself, remain optimistic, and focus on moving past the event. These seemingly contradictory perspectives are integrated in the concept of coping flexibility.

Contributors to traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in juvenile justice youths

This study considers demographic, offense, and disorder contributors to exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a large (N = 9,611) dataset of standardized psychiatric assessments resulting from nationwide collaborations with justice agencies. Youths' antisocial history may elevate risk for traumatic exposure and PTSD, additionally, traumatic victimization increases risk for externalizing behavior. Rates of all types of traumatic exposure and PTSD were clearly elevated and expectably related to disorder and antisocial behavior.

Complicated grief and deficits in emotional expressive flexibility

There is growing evidence that deficits in emotion regulation may be at the heart of maladaptive reactions after bereavement. Expressive flexibility, or the ability to flexibly enhance or suppress emotional expression, appears to be especially important for adjustment in the aftermath of highly aversive events (Bonanno, Papa, Lalande, Westphal, & Coifman, 2004). In this study, we compared expressive flexibility in a sample of bereaved adults who lost their spouse 1.5-3 years earlier and a comparable sample of married adults.

Client, practitioner and system characteristics influencing the occurrence of secondary traumatic stress {STS} in mental health practitioners

Secondary Traumatic Stress [STS] is a constellation of conditions ranging from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms to transformative cognitive shifts in self and world view. Prior to the mid 1990's much of the STS research focused on emergency responders (Arvay, M.J. 2001, Arvay & Uhlemann 2001), human service providers (Follette et al 1996, Bride 1995), and on one type of STS--vicarious traumatization. Since the mid 1990's STS research has increased in scope and volume, yet, little is known about how mental health practitioners experience Secondary Traumatic Stress.

Clinical manual for management of PTSD

The Clinical Manual for Management of PTSD has latest information on post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This manual covers a topics relevant to clinical practice and addresses basic, specific aspects of diagnosis and treatment. This manual tries to bridge gap between research community and clinician by providing clinically relevant information.

Combat exposure and mental health: the long-term effects among US Vietnam and Gulf veterans

Using a random sample of more than 4000 veterans, we test the effects of combat exposure on mental health. We focus on two cohorts of veterans: those who served in Vietnam (1964-1975) and the Gulf War (1990-1991). Combat exposure differed between these groups in intensity, duration and elapsed time since exposure. We find that combat exposure generally, and exposure to dead, dying, or wounded people, specifically, is a significant predictor of mental health declines as measured by an individual's Mental Component Summary score.

Coming home may hurt: risk factors for mental ill health in US reservists after deployment in Iraq

Background: Little research has been conducted on the factors that may explain the higher rates of mental health problems in United States National Guard soldiers who have deployed to the Iraq War. Aims: To examine whether financial hardship, job loss, employer support and the effect of deployment absence on co-workers were associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 4034 National Guard soldiers at two time points. All measures were assessed by self-report.

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