Background: Despite the practical importance of addressing the drug user’s sleep problems to enhance the efficacy of treatment and rehabilitation, little is known about whether and how history of childhood maltreatment relates to this issue. This study takes an evolutionary perspective to investigate the associations between history of childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in adults with drug abuse via their emotion regulation difficulties, future-oriented coping, and anxiety.

What factors contribute to building resiliency? This paper discusses the salient literature on childhood trauma and severe trauma including resiliency. The discussion is interwoven with the author’s own experience growing up in a totalitarian setting, as a second-generation child of survivors of World War II. Chief protective factors building resiliency include positive identifications and close family ties. Her later mastery, through becoming an analyst, was a key sublimation.

Background

Background: the aim of this study is to understand the diagnostic process undertaken by psychiatrists and psychologists regarding adjustment disorder (AD) in their clinical practice and how they differentiate it from major depressive episode (MDE).