Prevalence of Nightmare Disorder in Psychiatric Outpatients

Nightmares can cause great suffering as they disturb sleep, affect daily functioning and overall well-being. They are associated with psychopathology like anxiety disorders, more specifically posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychosis, personality pathology, suicide risk, and substance abuse [1, 2] . Two to five percent of the general adult population suffers from one or more nightmares a week [3, 4] . One study of psychiatric patients with more severe psychopathology showed a prevalence rate of 39.8% of ‘bad dreams that disturbed sleep’ [5] . However, this study did not specify the psychopathology nor describe how the bad dreams where measured. Studies concerning prevalence of nightmares in psychiatric populations that did specify psychopathology have reported on subsamples such as: PTSD 50–70% [1, 2] , depression 17.5% [6] , insomnia 18.3% [7] , schizophrenia 16.7% [6] , and borderline personality disorder 49% [8] . These studies suggest a high prevalence of nightmares in a psychiatric population, regardless of the primary diagnosis. However, no study reported prevalence rates of nightmares across all psychiatric disorders. Moreover, the studies cannot be compared because of the different assessment methods that were used.

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Reference: 
Marijke L. Swart, Annette M. van Schagen, Jaap Lancee, Jan van den Bout | 2013
In: Psychotherapy and psychosomatics : international journal of psychotherapy and psychosomatics : official organ of the International Federation for Medical Psychotherapy, ISSN 0033-3190 | 82 | 4 | 267-268
https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/343590