Personality Dysfunction and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Chronically Traumatized Bosnian Refugees

Abstract: A proposal for the inclusion of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in the upcoming ICD-11 has been put forward. Using self-report, we investigated the resemblance between disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) and both axis I and II syndromes among 116 treatmentseeking Bosnian refugees. In this sample, the prevalence of DESNOS over- lapped to a large degree with the prevalence of schizotypal and paranoidpersonality disorders (PDs). There was, however, also a large prevalence of axis Isyndromes in the group. Thus, DESNOS in the refugees can be categorized as anaxis I or II disorder depending on the chronicity and the severity of functional impairment. DESNOS and PD-like states were even observed among the refu- gees with no history of childhood maltreatment. No large differences were observed between DESNOS and PD regarding sex. The symptom constellation of CPTSD in the ICD-11 is partially supported. However, CPTSD might resemble PD to a considerable degree.

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Reference: 
Sabina Pali, & Ask Elklit | 2014
In: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, ISSN 0022-3018 | 202 | 2 | februari | 111-118
https://psychotraumanet.org/sites/default/files/documents/Personality%20Dysfunction%20and%20Complex%20Posttraumatic%20Stress%20Disorder%20Among%20Chronically%20Traumatized%20Bosnian%20Refugees.pdf