This personal reflection is based on the author's experiences, a native Liberian, in her country at the beginning of the 2014 Ebola epidemic. It includes her account of events as Ebola cases and related deaths began to rise and the response appeared inadequate. Examples are presented where a robust psychosocial and mental health response was critically required, but most often lacking. This reflection focuses on the points where the author's personal and the professional life met as she co-led the psychosocial pillar of the national response team on Ebola.

In 2013, journalists began to write about the first Ebola patients inWest Africa. Now, in 2015, we are at almost twenty thousand cases of people who are suspected of, or actually are, infected and many thousands of deaths further, mainly in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. These countries, as well as the international community, not only face the loss of all those people, but also the tremendous

achtergrond: Het optreden van een uitgestelde posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss) is een slecht begrepen fenomeen met belangrijke implicaties voor herkenning, preventie en behandeling.

Bij de uitgestelde posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss) veronderstelt men vaak dat er een ‘symptoomvrije periode’ is tussen de blootstelling aan een traumatische gebeurtenis en het begin van
ptss. Dat deze periode daadwerkelijk symptoomvrij is, lijkt onwaarschijnlijk, aangezien de meeste personen die getroffen zijn door een potentieel traumatische gebeurtenis voorbijgaande herbelevingsreacties ervaren.

Introduction
European countries face immigration problems with refugees. Many refugees suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Numerous studies have shown that PTSD is associated with cognitive problems that interfere with language acquisition.
Objectives
In this study we have explored demographic and psychological variables that influence language acquisition. Expected is that low levels of language acquisition are associated with severeness of PTSD.
Aims

Following resettlement in Western countries, unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is unclear to what extent PTSD in this group may become manifest at later stages following resettlement and which factors are associated with late onset. We examined data from URM collected 1 (T1) and 2 years (T2) following resettlement for differences between groups with no PTSD, PTSD at T1, and late-onset PTSD (at T2 only) using multinomial regression and path analysis.

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In disaster survivors, the occurrence of mental health problems beyond the immediate aftermath of the disaster has repeatedly been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the course of symptoms and mental health services (MHS) utilization in late-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) four years following a disaster and to examine whether late-onset PTSD can be explained within a longitudinal framework of PTSD.

De geestelijke gezondheidszorg voor ouderen vormt meer dan ooit een uitdaging voor de praktijk, wegens complexiteit van de zorg en demografische ontwikkelingen. Klachten gerelateerd aan een psychotrauma bij ouderen verdienen daarbij bijzondere aandacht. Deze klachten kunnen samenhangen met traumatische ervaringen die op jongere of oudere leeftijd hebben plaatsgevonden, dus meer of minder recent. Bij recentelijk doorgemaakte trauma’s kan een posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss) ontstaan.

BACKGROUND:
Malingering is prevalent in PTSD, especially in delayed-onset PTSD. Despite the attempts to detect it, indicators, tools and methods to accurately detect malingering need extensive scientific and clinical research. Therefore, this study was designed to validate a tool that can detect malingering of war-related PTSD by Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST).
METHODS: