Development of a stepped care intervention model of evidence-based interventions for the management of posttraumatic stress in the Belgian Police

Background: Police officers are frequently exposed to a wide variety of potentially traumatic events (PTE) and are therefore at a considerable risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research estimated the point prevalence of PTSD in Belgian police officers at 7.4%, significantly higher than in the general population. An effective organisational strategy to manage posttraumatic stress is essential.

Objective: We aimed to develop a novel organisational approach regarding traumatic stress for Belgian police, combining evidence-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress in a stepped care intervention model.

Method: In a broad development process, we combined scientific literature, case studies of best practices from other police organisations with insights gathered from a number of expert panels, thematic working groups and feedback groups.

Results: A comprehensive stepped care intervention model was developed, consisting of evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress.

Conclusions: The intervention model is a promising organisational strategy for the management of posttraumatic stress in police organisations based on evidence-based interventions. Its effectiveness will be studied in the coming years.

HIGHLIGHTS

• Police officers are at considerable risk of developing PTSD as they are consistently exposed to a wide array of PTE.
• An adequate organisational response to manage the consequences of this exposure as much as possible is essential.
• We developed a comprehensive stepped care intervention model consisting of evidence-based interventions, based on scientific literature, best practices in other police organisations, and thorough expert review.