Durable Solutions for Separated Children in Europe. National Report: The Netherlands

1.1 Separated Children Separated children, like adults, flee their countries for a number of reasons. Some travel to join their families who have previously migrated. Others flee war, civil unrest, natural disaster or persecution. Some children migrate in search of work, opportunity, education or an improved standard of living. Additionally, children may migrate unaccompanied to escape a difficult family environment. This can involve sexual or physical maltreatment or the prospect of forced marriage. Certain forms of persecution are specific to children, and especially to female children. Others may migrate to escape female genital mutilation, child marriage or conscription into formal or informal armed forces. Some separated children are also sent by their parents to pursue a better life, both for the child and the family. A significant body of research has emerged over recent years around the specific vulnerability of separated children. The literature argues that separation from persons responsible for the child’s protection and physical and emotional well-being can be traumatic for children and increase their vulnerability, contending that separated children are at a high risk of experiencing: • Sexual exploitation and abuse including early/forced marriage and human trafficking; • Military recruitment; • Child labour including forced domestic labour; • Detention; • Discrimination; • Neglect; • Violence. Separated children, once in the country of arrival, are still particularly vulnerable because they lack essential adult care and the traditional support systems of parents and family. It is for this reason that the European Commission and others argue that a durable solution for separated children must be found as a matter of priority

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Reference: 
Jantine Walst, & Martine Goeman | 2016
78 p. | Defenceforchildren [host]
https://www.defenceforchildren.nl/images/69/4170.pdf