Loss, Trauma, and Resilience in Adulthood

The first wave of research on loss and potentially traumatic events (PTEs) was dominated by either a psychopathological approach emphasizing individual dysfunction or an event approach emphasizing average differences between exposed and nonexposed groups. We consider the strengths and limitations of these approaches and then review more recent research that has focused on the heterogeneity of outcomes following aversive events. Using both traditional analytic tools and sophisticated latent trajectory modeling, this research has identifi ed a set of prototypical outcome patterns. Typically, the most common outcome following PTEs is a stable trajectory of healthy functioning or resilience. We review research showing that resilience is not the result of a few dominant factors, but rather that there are multiple independent predictors of resilient outcomes, and then review some of the possible factors that might inform resilient outcomes in older populations. Finally, we close by critically evaluating recent efforts to inculcate resilience and suggest possible ways such efforts might best move forward

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Reference: 
Bonanno GA,Westphal M,Mancini AD, | 2012
Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics | 32 | 1 | 189-210
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/springer/argg/2012/00000032/00000001/art00010