Child in the shadowlands

The World Health Organization described children born of rape as at risk of being neglected, stigmatized, ostracized, or abandoned. Cases of infanticide (the killing of an infant) have also been reported. Despite such general concerns, little is known about the fate of these children. Even in the mental health domain, professional conversations hardly include their fate. Clinical case reports describe a high rate of ambivalent parent-child relationships or even abusive relationships and a high rate of serious discrimination within the societies in which these children are raised.

Can people remain engaged and vigorous in the face of trauma? Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza

This is the first study to investigate how actively engaged and vigorous people remain in their life tasks in the midst of chronic exposure to significant traumatic events. We sought to identify risk and protective factors for engagement within the context of ongoing exposure to political violence and social upheaval. We randomly identified and interviewed 1,196 adult residents of the West Bank and Gaza during a period of violent conflict on 3 occasions: (1) September-October 2007, (2) April-May 2008, and (3) October-November 2008.

Changes in posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms during cognitive processing therapy: evidence for concurrent change

OBJECTIVE: Trauma-focused psychotherapies reduce both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and co-occurring depression. However, little is known about the relationship between changes in PTSD and depression during treatment. This study examined the association between changes in PTSD and depression during the course of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and its treatment components. METHOD: Data were drawn from a dismantling trial investigating the comparative efficacy of the components of CPT (Resick, Galovski, et al., 2008).

Bonding after trauma: on the role of social support and the oxytocin system in traumatic stress

This paper outlines the state of affairs in psychobiological research on psychotrauma and PTSD with a focus on the role of the oxytocin system in traumatic stress. With a high prevalence of trauma and PTSD in the Netherlands, new preventive and therapeutic interventions are needed.

Beyond resilience and PTSD: Mapping the heterogeneity of responses to potential trauma

The formal acceptance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a legitimate diagnostic category in the 1980 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders stimulated a torrent of research on psychological trauma. Not surprisingly, PTSD and its treatment had dominated that research. Another common approach has been to measure the average impact of different potentially traumatic events, as well as the factors that inform that impact.

Bimodal distribution of fatty acids in recurrent major depressive disorder.

Bentsen et al. (1) recently tested the hypothesis that red blood cell (RBC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are bimodally distributed in schizophrenia and related psychoses. In their study, sums of total, ?3, and ?6 PUFA concentrations were indeed bimodally distributed, as opposed to one normal distribution for sums of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs).

Art on trial : art therapy in capital murder cases

This book describes the role of the arttherapist as an expert witness in a murdercase, the way to use art as evidence, and the conclusions and assessments that professionals can draw from a defendant's artworks. It examines the effectiveness of expert testimony as evaluated by the prosecution, defense, and court, and weights the moral, ethical and legal consequences of relying of such evidence. It presents an account of the ability of art to reflect a damaged and dangerous psyche.

Adulthood trauma and HPA-axis functioning in healthy subjects and PTSD patients: a meta-analysis

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis dysregulation has inconsistently been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, trauma exposure rather than PTSD may be responsible for HPA-axis dysregulation. In two meta-analyses, we assessed the association of adulthood trauma exposure and HPA-axis functioning in healthy subjects with and without PTSD. A literature search in Pubmed and PsychInfo, using keywords and MeSH terms such as cortisol, emotional trauma, and PTSD, was performed.

Affect Regulation and HIV Risk Among Youth in Therapeutic Schools

The acquisition of affect regulation skills is often impaired or delayed in youth with mental health problems but the relationship between affect dysregulation and risk behaviors has not been well studied. Baseline data from adolescents (N-á=-á417, ages 13GÇô19) recruited from therapeutic school settings examined the relationship between affect dysregulation, substance use, self-cutting, and sexual risk behavior.

Adult attachment representations predict cortisol and oxytocin responses to stress

There are many factors contributing to individual variations in the response to stressful experiences. The present study evaluated the patterns of stress responses according to attachment representations in 28 adults from a community sample, plus 46 subjects expected to be particularly sensitive to stress, having been exposed during childhood and/or adolescence to traumatizing events such as abuse or potentially lethal illnesses.

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