ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre

BackgroundClinical and neurobiological evidence for a dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has recently been documented. A dissociative subtype of PTSD is being considered for inclusion in the forthcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) to address the symptoms of depersonalization and derealization found among a subset of patients with PTSD.

BACKGROUND: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) coalition forces remain heavily committed on combat operations overseas. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of battlefield injury of coalition partners is vital to combat casualty care performance improvement. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of battle casualties from NATO coalition partners in Iraq and Afghanistan.

AbstractBackground: A lack of social support and recognition by the environment is one of the most consistent risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD patients will recover faster with proper social support. The oxytocin system has been proposed to underlie beneficial effects of social support as it is implicated in both social bonding behavior and reducing stress responsivity, notably amygdala reactivity (Koch et al., 2014, Olff et al., 2010, Olff, 2012).

Disturbed sleep is one of the key symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may contribute to the genesis and maintenance of PTSD. Our previously published study*, executed in healthy subjects, suggests that adaptive changes occur in sleep architecture, after emotional experiences, that benefit emotional housekeeping and the attenuation of emotional responses to negative emotional experiences. Little is known, however, about the relation between sleep and emotional memory processing in PTSD.

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of different PTSD self-report instruments. (Cochrane)

AbstractBACKGROUND: In chronic sexual abuse victims with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis can be dysregulated. In single rape victims, PTSD symptoms are hypothesized to function as a chronic stressor leading to similar HPA-axis dysregulation.

Background: IBS is a common, painful, potentially disabling GI disorder associated with significant mental and medical (physical) comorbidity. The rate of mental-physical comorbidity is particularly high in more severe IBS patients seen in tertiary care settings. The individual and joint effects of coexisting mental and physical conditions on IBS is unknown but important because of their influence on health outcomes in general. Aim. This study investigated the explanatory value of 2 approaches for modeling mental-physical comorbidity associated with IBS.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder. An important diagnostic feature of PTSD is anhedonia, which may result from deficits in reward functioning. This has however never been studied systematically in PTSD. To determine if PTSD is associated with reward impairments, we conducted a systematic review of studies in which reward functioning was compared between PTSD patients and healthy control participants, or investigated in relation to PTSD symptom severity.

Introduction: Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are two important functional gastrointestinal disorders. Factors that contribute to symptoms are psychosocial factors, traumatic events, stress response and sensitivity of the stomach and gut. Previous we have shown an association between these factors and stress reactivity. However, whether the acute physiological stress response affects gastrointestinal sensorimotor function remains unknown. In this study we explored this relation in healthy volunteers, FD and IBS.

Given the unique context of warzone engagement, which may include chronic threat, multiple and lengthy deployments, and loss, there is a need to understand whether and to what extent knowledge about PTSD derived from studies of civilian trauma exposure is generalizeable to the military. This special issue on PTSD in the military addresses a range of issues and debates related to mental health in military personnel and combat veterans.