Psychiatric illnesses are under polygenic influence and are associated with interactions between genetic variants and environmental exposures.1 Gene–environment interactions might not only predict onset of disease, but genetic biomarkers might also help the clinician to select the optimal treatment for patients.2 However, there is a lack of studies on therapygenetics for psychological treatment of psychiatric diseases.

There has been abundant research targeting the secondary and tertiary prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including different forms of debriefing, treatments for acute stress disorder, and targeted intervention strategies (M. T. Feldner, C. M. Monson, & M. J. Friedman, 2007). However, there remains a scarcity of research pertaining to the primary, pretrauma prevention of PTSD. A systematic review was conducted in order to identify and synthesize all programs aimed at the primary prevention of PTSD to date.

The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. The PCL-5 has a variety of purposes, including:•Monitoring symptom change during and after treatment•Screening individuals for PTSD•Making a provisional PTSD diagnosis The gold standard for diagnosing PTSD is a structured clinical interview such as the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5). When necessary, the PCL-5 can be scored to provide a provisional PTSD diagnosis.

The result of over twenty years of meticulous research, this two volume work casts new light on the nightime battles in the west. It has previously been assumed that no detailed history of the night battles could ever be compiled because so much information had been lost at the end of the war. However, by analysing and cross referencing hundreds of sources, mostly unpublished, and some from private collections never seen by researchers before, Dr Boiten has for the first time been able to clearly analyse each night’s operations from both sides.