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As firefighters are increasing working in emergency medical response roles, their exposure to infectious diseases has also increased. This article discusses the various pathogens to which firefighters are particularly exposed and outlines measures to reduce their incidence. Legislation and resources specific to the fire service also are identified.

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Smoke inhalation may account for up to 75% of fire-related deaths and presents with a wide variety of complaints and findings. The authors examine the components of smoke to illustrate the patterns of smoke injury, provide useful guidelines on evaluation and management, survey current laboratory and diagnostic studies, and present their recommendations for treatment.

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