DNA methylation as a mediator of the association between prenatal adversity and risk factors for metabolic disease in adulthood

Although it is assumed that epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes in DNA methylation (DNAm), underlie the relationship between adverse intrauterine conditions and adult metabolic health, evidence from human studies remains scarce. Therefore, we evaluated whether DNAm in whole blood mediated the association between prenatal famine exposure and metabolic health in 422 individuals exposed to famine in utero and 463 (sibling) controls.

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Psychological Stress and Mitochondria : A Systematic Review

Objective Mitochondria are multifunctional life-sustaining organelles that represent a potential intersection point between psychosocial experiences and biological stress responses. This article provides a systematic review of the effects of psychological stress on mitochondrial structure and function.

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A Brief Exposure-Based Treatment vs Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder : A Randomized Noninferiority Clinical Trial

Key Points

Question  Is a brief, exposure-based treatment noninferior to the more time-intensive cognitive processing therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder?

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Potentially traumatic events have negative and positive effects on loneliness, depending on PTSD-symptom levels : evidence from a population-based prospective comparative study

Abstract

 

Purpose Examine to what extent adults affected by recent potentially traumatic events (PTE) with different PTSD-symptom levels are more at risk for post-event loneliness than non-affected adults are in the same study period.

 

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Cotinine : a therapy for memory extinction in post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop after exposure to exceptionally threatening or unescapable horrifying events. Actual therapies fail to alleviate the emotional suffering and cognitive impairment associated with this disorder, mostly because they are ineffective in treating the failure to extinguish trauma memories in a great percentage of those affected. In this review, current behavioral, cellular, and molecular evidence supporting the use of cotinine for treating PTSD are reviewed.

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Turning wounds into wisdom : Posttraumatic growth over the course of two types of trauma-focused psychotherapy in patients with PTSD

Abstract

Background

Treatment studies in PTSD patients have mostly focused on adverse psychopathological outcomes whereas positive outcomes have received less attention. Objectives of this study were to investigate posttraumatic growth in response to two different psychotherapies, to examine the relationship between symptom improvement and growth, and to determine if posttraumatic growth predicted treatment response.

Methods

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Smaller Hippocampal Volume in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder : A Multisite ENIGMA-PGC Study: Subcortical Volumetry Results From Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Consortia

Background

Many studies report smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but findings have not always been consistent. Here, we present the results of a large-scale neuroimaging consortium study on PTSD conducted by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC)–Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) PTSD Working Group.

Methods

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The dissociative post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subtype : A treatment outcome cohort study in veterans with PTSD

Abstract

Objectives

Dissociation is a prevalent phenomenon among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that may interfere with the effectiveness of treatment. This study aimed to replicate findings of a dissociative PTSD subtype, to identify corresponding patterns in coping style, symptom type, and symptom severity, and to investigate its impact on post-traumatic symptom improvement.

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Replicability and Generalizability of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Networks : A Cross-Cultural Multisite Study of PTSD Symptoms in Four Trauma Patient Samples

Abstract

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War-Related Traumas and Mental Health Across Generations

This issue of JAMA Psychiatry presents the findings from an epidemiological study from Santavirta et al on the risk of psychiatric hospitalization among the offspring of adults who were evacuated as child refugees to Sweden during World War II under the Finnish Evacuation Policy. The study provides a glimpse into the potential intergenerational associations of being a child refugee during World War II with psychiatric hospitalization, with particular attention to sex.

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