Objective
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently associated with depression and anxiety, but the nature of the relationship is unclear. By removing mood and anxiety diagnostic criteria, the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) aims to delineate a distinct PTSD phenotype. We examined the effect of implementing ICD‐11 criteria on rates of codiagnosed depression and anxiety in survivors with recent PTSD.

The nature of conflict has changed, putting children in the frontline in new and terrible ways. Wars are lasting longer. They are more likely to be fought in urban areas amongst civilian populations leading to deaths and life-changing injuries, and laying waste to the infrastructure needed to guarantee access to food and water. Attacks on schools and hospitals are up. The denial of humanitarian aid is used as yet another weapon of war. The international rules and basic standards of conduct that exist to protect civilians in conflict are being flouted with impunity.

Highlights

•In the general population the prevalence of subthreshold anxiety disorders is 11.4%.

•Subthreshold anxiety disorders have a heterogeneous three-year course.

•In 57.3% of respondents subthreshold anxiety symptoms are self-limiting.

•Symptoms were persistent in 29.0% and progressed into an anxiety disorder in 13.8%.

•People with persistent or progressive anxiety symptoms may benefit from intervention.

Abstract

This document includes the recommendations and describes the methodology used to develop them. Important issues that should be considered when interpreting the recommendations, and translating them into practice, are highlighted. It was decided to publish the recommendations and position papers in advance of the book as they represent a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of high quality research evidence that is likely to help practitioners in their work.